CFO or Controller – What’s the Difference?

Author: Larry Chester, Founder & President

Some small business owners have CFOs working for them. The owner is proud that he has prepared his company for the next great leap forward by his strategic staffing decision.

It’s not unusual in a small company for the Accounting Manager to become the Controller and then become the CFO. But without the requisite education, mindset and experience, just having more years on the job doesn’t prepare the person for that role.

Let’s look at the difference between a Controller and a CFO. At the basic level, a Controller is Tactical, whereas a CFO is Strategic. What does that mean in a practical sense? Here’s a listing of the tactical things that a Controller does:

1. Maintains the company’s bank balance
2. Calculates and enters Payroll
3. Reconciles the bank account
4. Codes and processes Accounts Payable Invoices
5. Issues Accounts Payable Checks
6. Provides reporting to banks
7. Responsible for AR Collections
8. Prepares monthly Sales Tax Returns
9. Creates Journal Entries and performs the monthly close
10. Produces monthly financial statements

If the Controller does all that, what’s left for the CFO to do? There’s plenty. The CFO provides Strategic Financial Advice to the owner or president of the company. He prepares information for the owner so that he can make decisions today that will affect his company’s profitability tomorrow. Here’s a partial listing of what a CFO does:

1. Develops Cash Flow Forecast with suggestions for improving cash availability
2. Reviews financial statements and evaluates changes
3. Performs trend analysis on the company’s business, income streams and product lines
4. Develops dashboards for senior management
5. Identifies KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) specific to the market that the company operates in
6. Strategically evaluates acquisitions and divestitures.
7. Maintains and develops the banking relationship.
8. Risk Management – Is insurance coverage sufficient to provide the needed protection at a reasonable cost?
9. Evaluation of revenue streams, business segments for growth, shrinkage, strategic changes.
10. Evaluation of inventory – determination of stocking levels and selection of obsolete inventory with disposal options.
11. Evaluation of manufacturing costs to identify opportunities for cost savings or abnormalities.

If your “CFO” is mired down in the tactical issues facing your company, maybe it’s time to take a look at having a focused CFO help you with the critical strategic issues facing your company. Consider if you are getting the information that you need to take your company to the next level.